Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series XI: Rivers and Harbors

Descriptive Summary
Title: Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series XI: Rivers and Harbors
Creator: Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971
Inclusive Dates: 1937-1970
Language(s): English
Extent: 26 box(es) (12.25 linear feet)
Collection Number: RBRL001RBR_C_XI
Repository: Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies
Abstract: The Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series XI. Rivers and Harbors contains correspondence, printed materials and publications relating to federal river and harbor projects. Files are subdivided into General, Corps of Engineers, Individual Projects, and Flood Control Projects. The individual projects were relevant to the constituents  of the state of Georgia and its neighbors. Any additional non-textual materials originally filed with papers were removed for preservation purposes and improved access. These materials include photographs, audiovisual items, scrapbooks, vertical files, memorabilia, and books.

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Collection Description

Biographical Note

Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. held public office for fifty years as a state legislator, governor, and U.S. senator. The highlights of his legislative career included support of non-interventionist foreign policy, passage of the National School Lunch Program, securing funding for military installations and research facilities—including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—and his opposition to equal rights for African Americans, most evident in the filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Russell was born in Winder, GA on November 2, 1897, to Judge Richard B. Russell, Sr. and Ina Dillard Russell, a teacher. He was the fourth of thirteen children and the first son. He earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Georgia in 1918. After a brief period practicing law, Russell ran for and won a seat in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1920. In 1927, he was elected Speaker of the House, a position he held until 1931. In 1930, Russell ran for governor against a crowded field of seasoned candidates, but he was victorious thanks to a grassroots campaign and his skill in door-to-door canvassing. He took the oath of office in June 1931 but only spent eighteen months as governor before the death of Senator William J. Harris presented him with the opportunity to run for the United States Senate.

Russell entered the U.S. Senate in 1933 and served until his death in 1971. He became one of the Senate's most influential members. During his tenure, he served sixteen years as chair of the Armed Services Committee and held a seat on the Appropriation Committee that spanned his tenure in the Senate. Additionally, Russell held positions on the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, the Committee on Immigration, the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, and the Democratic Policy and Democratic Steering Committees.

Although he wielded considerable power through these committee appointments, Russell did not seek a position in the Senate leadership. Instead, he supported the ambitions of his protégé, Senator Lyndon Johnson from Texas for majority whip and later for majority leader. Russell ended his career as president pro tempore of the Senate—a post reserved for the member with the longest tenure in the Senate—making him third in the line of presidential succession.

Russell was known for his support of national defense, non-interventionist foreign policy, and his advocacy for agricultural interests (particularly those in Georgia). Russell opposed the United States entangling itself in international conflicts, especially in Vietnam and the Congo. In agricultural policy, the creation of the National School Lunch Program in 1946 was his most significant achievement for the nation's farmers. The program had the double effect of providing nutritious meals for schoolchildren while avoiding an economic crash by giving farmers a way to sell their surplus produce.

Russell's opposition to civil rights legislation overshadowed his many legislative achievements. He began contesting civil rights legislation as early as 1935 when he joined other southern senators to block anti-lynching bills. Over three decades, Russell developed a reputation as a defender of "white traditions" and white supremacy.

During the Senate's debate of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Russell led the Southern Bloc in a sixty-day filibuster in an attempt to prevent the bill's passage, vowing to "resist to the bitter end any measure or any movement which would have a tendency to bring about social equality and intermingling and amalgamation of the races." The filibuster came to an end only after a partnership of moderate Republicans and northern Democrats introduced a compromise bill that garnered the sixty-seven votes needed to invoke cloture and end the filibuster. The substitute civil rights bill passed on June 19 by a margin of 73-27.

Though Russell advised against attempts to resist the Civil Rights Act at the state level, he remained unapologetic in his criticism of it. In a speech given in the Senate on June 18, 1964, Russell sought to encourage the other members of the Southern Bloc, saying "…there will never come a time when it will be necessary for any one of us to apologize for his conduct or his courage."

Russell left behind a list of political and legislative achievements and a reputation for mastery of legislative strategy. Despite his other distinctions, racial animus and obstructionism would become the most remembered aspects of his legacy. As biographer Gilbert Fite noted, Russell might well have achieved more, were it not for his racial views.

Scope and Content

Subgroup C, Series XI. Rivers and Harbors contains correspondence, printed materials and publications relating to federal river and harbor projects. Files are subdivided into General, Corps of Engineers, Individual Projects, and Flood Control Projects. The individual projects were relevant to the constituents  of the state of Georgia and its neighbors.

Organization and Arrangement

Subgroup C, Series XI. Rivers and Harbors is organized into four subseries: A. General, B. Corps of Engineers; C. Individual Projects; and D. Flood Control.

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Administrative Information

Access Restrictions

Case mail, cross-reference copies, and military academies are closed. Additional files are restricted throughout the collection, as noted in the container listing.

Preferred Citation

Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia.

Processing Notes

Clippings have been copied onto bond paper for protection of content. Artifacts, photographs, books, and audiovisual materials have been separated for preservation purposes and inventoried.

User Restrictions

Library acts as "fair use" reproduction agent.

Copyright Information

Before material from collections at the Richard B. Russell Library may be quoted in print, or otherwise reproduced, in whole or in part, in any publication, permission must be obtained from (1) the owner of the physical property, and (2) the holder of the copyright. It is the particular responsibility of the researcher to obtain both sets of permissions. Persons wishing to quote from materials in the Russell Library collection should consult the Director. Reproduction of any item must contain a complete citation to the original.

Finding Aid Publication

Finding aid prepared on: 2008.

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Related Materials and Subjects

Subject Terms

Related Collections in this Repository

Richard B. Russell, Sr. Papers

Russell Family Collection

Patience Elizabeth Russell Peterson Papers

Hugh Peterson, Sr. Papers

Herman E. Talmadge Collection

Lamartine G. Hardman Collection

Related Collections in Other Repositories

John C. Stennis Papers, Mitchell Memorial Library, Mississippi State University

Richard B. Russell, Jr. Gubernatorial Papers, Georgia Department of Archives and History

Lyndon B. Johnson Papers, Lyndon B. Johnson Library

U.S. Senate. Committee on Appropriations, Center for Legislative Archives, NARA

U.S. Senate. Committee on Armed Services, Center for Legislative Archives, NARA

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Series Descriptions and Folder Listing

 

Subgroup C. United States Senatorial Papers
		This subgroup of papers comprehensively reveals Richard Russell's activities as a United States senator representing the state of Georgia. The papers are divided into twenty series, two of which are closed; some files are restricted. Closed or restricted files are governed by donor agreement, Executive Orders, or privacy considerations. Not many files survived from Russell's first eleven years in office; the main series for this time period are Early Office, Political, Political Patronage, Personal, and a few files in General. In 1943 and 1944, Russell's staff members reorganized the office filing system, and from that point on, the files are very complete. The 1943 filing system places the incoming letter with a copy of Russell's reply (the yellows) attached, and the correspondence is filed by subject; these files compose the majority of the senatorial papers. Subsequent letters from the constituent  and copies of Russell's replies on the same subject continued to be attached to the original correspondence and filed under the date of the latest communication from Russell. Theoretically, at the end of each Congress, these files would have been retired to storage (with the possible exception of case mail); in practice, however, there was no consistency to the length of time the subject files were retained in the active status. To respect provenance of the files and to preserve the utility of the cross reference copies, the subject files are subdivided so that within each series they are arranged chronologically by the most recent date of correspondence (with all other correspondence attached thereto). A second copy of a Russell letter (the pinks, or Cross-Reference Copies Series) was made and filed separately by correspondent's surname in a chronological file. Intra-Office Communications and Speech/Media are form files. If Russell personally dictated any portion of a letter or added a postscript, two extra copies on onionskin paper (one for the Winder office and one for the Washington office) were made and filed by subject (Dictation Series), separate from the yellow and pink copies. The flexibility of the system allowed for much divergence in filing according to the discretion of the staff member involved. Thus, as personnel changed, their interpretations on how broad or specific they should be were reflected in the filing system itself. For example, "Foreign Aid" under the General Series and "Foreign Relations" under Legislative Series. The filing system indicates that correspondence relating to proposed or pending legislation was filed under committee in Legislative and relating to action taken on passed legislation or programs administered by government agencies was filed accordingly in General. In reality, two subject headings as similar as foreign aid and foreign relations could easily be interfiled. For the most part, original order was maintained for the senatorial papers. Exceptions are Civil Rights and MacArthur Hearings Series, which were originally part of the Legislative Series. These were separated from the main body of senate office records to facilitate easier use. The Barboura G. Raesly File was added to the papers subsequent to the library's establishment and contains records and materials she kept in her position as personal secretary to Russell. The Exhibit B Series, which was closed by donor agreement, contains files pulled from other series and maintained separately. When files in this series opened, Exhibit B was arranged as a parallel file to the other senatorial papers series.
	XI. Rivers and Harbors , 1937-1970 ( 26 box(es) ) ( (12.25 linear feet) )
	This series contains correspondence, printed materials and publications relating to federal river and harbor projects. Files are subdivided into General, Corps of Engineers, Individual Projects, and Flood Control Projects. The individual projects were relevant to the constituents of the state of Georgia and its neighbors.
		A. General
				1. Correspondence
box	folder
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1	1				Correspondence, 1966-1971
1	2				Correspondence, 1961-1964
1	3				Correspondence, 1959-1961
1	4				Correspondence, 1950-1958
1	5				Correspondence, 1948 June-July
box	folder
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2	1				Correspondence, 1948 January-1948 May
2	2				Correspondence, 1947 July-December
2	3				Correspondence, 1947 April-June
2	4				Correspondence, 1947 January-March
				2. Material
box	folder
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2	5				Material, 1968
2	6				Material, 1960-1966
2	7				Material, 1944-1959
		B. Corps of Engineers
				1. Correspondence
box	folder
Request box
3	1				Correspondence, 1971
3	2				Correspondence, 1970 October-December
3	3				Correspondence, 1970 July-September
3	4				Correspondence, 1970 March-June
3	5				Correspondence, 1970 January
3	6				Correspondence, 1969 July-November
3	7				Correspondence, 1969 June
3	8				Correspondence, 1969 April-May
3	9				Correspondence, 1969 January-March
box	folder
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4	1				Correspondence, 1968 July-December
4	2				Correspondence, 1968 January-June
4	3				Correspondence, 1967 August-December
4	4				Correspondence, 1967 January-July
4	5				Correspondence, 1966 July-December
4	6				Correspondence, 1966 January-June
4	7				Correspondence, 1965 November-December
				2. Materials and Publications
box	folder
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5	1				Water Resource Development Reports, 1957-1969
5	2				Materials and Publications, 1966-1967 June
5	3				Materials and Publications, 1966 January-May
5	4				Materials and Publications, 1965
5	5				Materials and Publications, 1962-1963
		C. Individual Projects
				1. Alabama - Coosa
box	folder
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6	1				Coosa, 1948-1970
6	2				Coosa, 1957-1965
6	3				Coosa, 1941-1946
6	4				Coosa, 1938-1941
				2. Alapaha River
box	folder
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6	5				Alapaha River, 1970
box	folder
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7	1				Alapaha River, 1969
				3. Alcovy River
box	folder
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7	2				1970
				4. Allatoona Dam
box	folder
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7	3				1964-1970
7	4				Etowah River, 1951-1963
7	5				1962-1963
				5. Altamaha River
box	folder
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8	1				1970-1971
8	2				1970
8	3				1969 August-December
8	4				1969 January-July
8	5				1968
8	6				1966-1967
8	7				1965
8	8				1964
8	9				1960-1963
8	10				1955-1959
8	11				1954-1967
8	12				1968
				6. Apalachicola - Chattahoochee - Flint
box	folder
Request box
9	1				1965-1970
9	2				1957 May-1964
9	3				Flint Material
				7. Armuchee Creek
box	folder
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9	4				1964-1965
				8. Buford Dam
box	folder
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10	1				1967-1969
10	2				1963-1966
10	3				1961
10	4				1960
10	5				1958-1959
10	6				1957
10	7				1956
10	8				1949-1954
10	9				1950-1957
				9. Carter's Dam
box	folder
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11	1				1962-1969
11	2				1961
11	3				1960
11	4				1959
11	5				Carter's Dam Material
				10. Clark Hill Dam
box	folder
Request box
12	1				1966-1968
12	2				1962-1965
12	3				1960-1961
12	4				1954-1959
12	5				1949-1953
12	6				Clark Hill Dam Material
12	7				Clark Hill Dam Material
box	folder
Request box
13	1				1949
13	2				1948 May-December
13	3				1948 January-April
13	4				1946-1947
13	5				1937-1944
13	6				1936
				11. Columbus Levee
box	folder
Request box
14	1				1962-1965
14	2				1962
				12. Coosa River
box	folder
Request box
14	3				1969-1970
14	4				(folder 1 of 2), 1968
14	5				(folder 2 of 2), 1968
14	6				1963
				13. Flint River
box	folder
Request box
15	1				1966-1970
15	2				1964-1965
15	3				1963
15	4				1962 September-October
15	5				1962 July-August
15	6				1962 April-June
15	7				1962 January-March
15	8				1949-1961
15	9				1962-1963
				14. Florida Canal
box	folder
Request box
16	1				1937-1939
16	2				Florida Canal Material
				15. Walter F. George Dam
box	folder
Request box
16	3				1964-1970
16	4				1962-1963
16	5				1955-1961
				16. Georgia Waterways Canal
box	folder
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16	6				1963 June-1967 November
16	7				1963 April-May
				17. Hartwell Dam
box	folder
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17	1				1965 January-1969 March
17	2				1962 January-1963 December
17	3				1959-1961
17	4				Weir Dam on Tugaloo in connection with Hartwell, 1959-1961
17	5				1949-1958
17	6				1949-1957
				18. Hells Canyon Dam
box	folder
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17	7				1957
				19. Lake Lanier
box	folder
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18	1				1969-1970
18	2				1968 October-December
18	3				1968 January-August
18	4				1967
18	5				[at Buford Dam], 1966
18	6				[at Buford Dam], 1961-1965
18	7				[at Buford Dam], 1959-1960
				20. Miller's Ferry Dam
box	folder
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19	1				1959-1960
				21. Ocmulgee Dam
box	folder
Request box
19	2				1962-1969
				22. Oconee River
box	folder
Request box
19	3				1962-1970
				23. Oustanaula River
box	folder
Request box
19	4				1954-1959
19	5				[Tributary of Coosa in Rome, Georgia]
				24. Satilla River
box	folder
Request box
19	6				1969-1970
19	7				1960-1966
				25. Savannah River
box	folder
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19	8				1967-1971
19	9				1966
box	folder
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20	1				1965
20	2				1962-1964
20	3				1961
20	4				1945-1960
20	5				1964-1966
20	6				1962
20	7				1961
box	folder
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21	1				1952-1960
21	2				Newspaper Clippings: 1945-1960
21	3				June 9, 1944 (1 of 2)
21	4				June 9, 1944 (2 of 2)
				26. Southern Water Study Commission
box	folder
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21	5				1964-1971
21	6				1962-1963
21	7				1963-1966
21	8				1962
				27. Tallow Hill Dam
box	folder
Request box
21	9				1960-1968
				28. Trotters Shoals Dam
box	folder
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22	1				1966-1971
22	2				1965 July 21-December
22	3				Trotters Shoals Dam, Duke Power Company Dam, 1964-1965 July 20
22	4				Also Duke Power Company Dam 1963
22	5				October- December 1962
22	6				September 1961- September 1962
22	7				1961-1965
				29. Water Pollution Lab
box	folder
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23	1				Material
				30. Watershed
box	folder
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23	2				Watershed Material
				31. West Point Dam
box	folder
Request box
23	3				Correspondence, 1967-1970
23	4				Correspondence, 1966
23	5				Correspondence, 1964-1965
23	6				Correspondence, 1961-1963
				32. Jim Woodruff Dam
box	folder
Request box
23	7				Correspondence, 1949-1966
		D. Flood Control
				1. Correspondence
box	folder
Request box
24	1				1965-1966
24	2				1957-1964
24	3				1965-1966
24	4				1963-1964 December
24	5				1963 May- November
				2. Material
box	folder
Request box
25	1				(Folder 1 of 2), 1966 August 1
25	2				(Folder 2 of 2), 1966 August 1
25	3				1964-1966 April
25	4				1961-1963